高原牦牛隐睾组织结构特征

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.12.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

观察成年牦牛隐睾的组织结构特点，分析高原环境对其生殖微环境的影响。应用HE、Masson’s、Gomori’s特殊染色以及免疫组织化学方法和透射电镜观察比较成年牦牛隐睾与单侧正常睾丸、正常睾丸组织结构特点，进而用IPP图像分析软件进行定量统计。与正常组睾丸相比，隐睾生精小管管径极显著减小（P<0.01），基膜增厚，腔内生殖细胞丢失，散在少数幼稚型Sertoli细胞，胞内线粒体变性且含有大小不等的脂褐素颗粒；间质内胶原纤维增生，间质/管腔面积比极显著增大（P<0.01），Leydig细胞数量减少，胞内线粒体肿胀，间质血管数量减少，管壁增厚皱缩，血管内皮细胞内含大量脂褐素颗粒；睾丸实质部分钙化。单侧正常组睾丸生精上皮细胞为3～4层，Sertoli细胞发育成熟，少见初级精母细胞及精子；间质/管腔面积比与正常睾丸无明显差异（P>0.05），Leydig细胞数量较多，内质网丰富呈一定扩张状态，线粒体减少。免疫组织化学显示，VEGF及VEGFR2在隐睾组与单侧正常组、正常组睾丸均表达于Sertoli细胞、Leydig细胞及各级生精细胞，血管内皮细胞偶见表达；隐睾组VEGF表达量较正常组、单侧正常组睾丸明显下降（P<0.05），VEGFR2表达量明显高于正常组与单侧正常组（P<0.05）；单侧正常组VEGF及VEGFR2表达量较正常组均无明显差异（P>0.05）。高原低氧环境，牦牛隐睾血管发育受阻，组织出现不同程度的纤维化和局部钙化，Sertoli细胞发育异常严重影响生精功能；单侧正常睾丸Leydig细胞数量增加，而其中线粒体数量减少，发育程度较正常组织有所降低，隐睾组织中VEGF与VEGFR2可能参与调节双侧睾丸生精抑制作用。

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to observe the histologic characteristics of adult yaks cryptorchidism and analyze the influence of plateau environment on the cryptorchidism reproductive microenvironment.Masson’s and Gomori’s staining，histochemistry and transmission electron methods was used to characterize the microstructure and ultrastructure of cryptorchidism，normal testis and unilateral normal testis in yak，and IPP(Image-Pro Plus) statistics method was used to quantitative statistics.The volume and weight of yak cryptorchidism were lesser than the normal testis and companied with depression of the lumen，the basement membrane was thickened，as well as the diameter of seminiferous tubule was significantly reduced(P<0.01).The spermatogenic cells desquamated and immature Sertoli cells were scattered in the tubule.Obviously，there were mitochondria degeneration and many lipofuscin granules with different sizes in the Sertoli cells.Besides，the area ratio of interstitial to lumen was significantly increased(P<0.01)，the numbers of Leydig cells were decreased，and the mitochondria in it was swelling.There were partly calcification was observed in parenchyma and not only the quantity of interstitial vascular was reduced but the vessel wall was thicken and shrunken.The seminiferous epithelium of unilateral normal testis were 3-4 layers with matured Sertoli cells，the primary spermatocytes and spermatozoa were rarely seen，and there was no difference with the normal testis in interstitial/lumen area ratios(P>0.05).The number of Leydig cells increased and the endoplasmic reticulum in it were represented as an loose and vesiculated network and the number of mitochondria were decreased.VEGF and its receptor(VEGFR2) immunoreactivities were abundantly distributed in the gonads of cryptorchidism，normal testis and unilateral normal testis，mainly associated with Sertoli cells，Leydig cells and spermatogenic cells，and weakly present throughout the vascular endothelial cells.Immunostaining analysis appeared that the relative expression of VEGF in cryptorchidism was significantly decreased than in normal testis and unilateral normal testis(P<0.05)，by contrast，the expression of VEGFR2 in cryptorchidism was stronger than the other two groups.But the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 had no significant difference between the normal and unilateral normal testis(P>0.05).Taken together，in plateau environment，the cryptorchidism vascular of Yak was suffocated，the seminiferous function was seriously affected by the different degree of fibrosis and calcification in parenchyma and the dysplasia of the Sertoli cell；but in unilateral normal testis，companying the number of Leydig cells increased，the number of mitochondria decreased and also growth degree was decreased compared with the normal tissue.Our results suggest that the VEGF and VEGFR2 may serve as regulators to participate in the bilateral testicular spermatogenic suppression effect.

中图分类号:

S852.16

陈国娟，袁莉刚，李聪，闫振龙. 高原牦牛隐睾组织结构特征[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(12): 2282-2290.

CHEN Guo-juan，YUAN Li-gang，LI Cong，YAN Zhen-long. The Histologic Characteristics of Yak Cryptorchidism[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(12): 2282-2290.

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